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"I'm a fan of hard science fiction, which is science fiction that is possible. The science fiction books I like tend to relate to what we're doing at Khan Academy, like Orson Scott Card's 'Ender's Game' series and Isaac Asimov's 'Foundation' series." -" Salman Khan

Arguably the first work of science fiction, Frankenstein is a story about technology and education (and monsters). As a fan of the genre, I’m probably just as interested in the depiction of education in science fiction as I am in the historical and present-day narratives about education technology. I’m particularly interested in how these are intertwined – Salman Khan’s invocation of Ender’s Game, for example.

I asked for recommendations on ed-tech SF on Twitter the other day (I storified the responses).

Now I’ve started a bibliography, building a list of novels, short stories, and movies that explore education’s future. (Not all of these fit neatly into the SF genre.)

Like all my projects, this is hosted on GitHub. That means you can submit a pull request in order to suggest I add something to the list.

Novels and Short Stories


  • Abrashkin, Raymond and Jay Williams. Danny Dunn and the Homework Machine
  • Asimov, Isaac. “The Feeling of Power"
  • Asimov, Isaac. “The Fun They Had"
  • Bradbury, Ray. "All Summer in a Day"
  • Bradbury, Ray. “The Veldt"
  • Card, Orson Scott. Ender’s Game
  • Doctorow, Cory. Homeland
  • Doctorow, Cory. Little Brother
  • Heinlein, Robert. Citizen of the Galaxy
  • Hesse, Hermann. The Glass Bead Game
  • Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World
  • Mariz, Rae. The Unidentified
  • Sansing, Chad. “The Evaluation"
  • Sheffield, Charles and Jerry Pournelle. Higher Education
  • Skinner, B. F. Walden Two
  • Stephenson, Neal. Big U
  • Stephenson, Neal. Diamond Age: or A Young Lady’s Illustrated Primer
  • Vinge, Vernor. Fast Times at Fairmont High
  • Vinge, Vernor. Rainbow’s End
  • Vonnegut, Kurt. Player Piano.

Television and Films


  • Class of 1999
  • "Dobie versus the Machine." The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
  • The Jetsons
  • The Matrix

Audrey Watters


Published

Hack Education

The History of the Future of Education Technology

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